How Do Enzymes Work in Laundry Detergent?

All laundry detergents contain surfactants, which are ingredients that help lift dirt and oils from fabric so they can be washed away with water. They are the core cleaning agents in any detergent.

However, not all detergents contain enzymes. Enzymes are special ingredients that help break down certain types of stains at the molecular level. They’re especially useful for tough, stubborn stains like food, sweat, grease, and grass.

When detergents include enzymes, they can remove stains that surfactants alone may struggle to clean. For example, Blueland’s Laundry Detergent Tablets contain four different enzymes, each intended to target a different type of stain.

What are enzymes?

Enzymes are proteins that help break large stain molecules into smaller pieces.

Many stains stick to fabric because they are made of large, complex molecules. Enzymes cut these large molecules into smaller pieces that are more easily rinsed away by the detergent’s surfactants and water. 

Each enzyme treats a specific type of stain, which is why detergents often include multiple different enzymes.

Types of Enzymes Used in Laundry Detergent

Most enzyme detergents contain multiple enzymes, each designed to break down different types of stains.

Protease breaks down protein-based stains like:

• Blood

• Sweat

• Grass

• Egg

• Dairy or food stains

Lipase breaks down fats and oils, including:

• Cooking oils

• Butter

• Salad dressing

• Body oils

Amylase targets starch-based stains, such as:

• Pasta

• Rice

• Potatoes

• Sauces and gravies

Cellulase mainly works on cotton fabrics. Instead of removing stains directly, they help:

• Release trapped dirt

• Smooth rough fibers

• Keep fabrics looking brighter and less worn over time

Mannanase breaks down mannan-based thickeners used in some processed foods like sauces, ice cream, or dressings. This helps remove certain sticky food stains.

Pectinase breaks down pectin, a natural substance found in many fruits. These enzymes help remove stains from foods like berries, apples and citrus fruits.

How Do Enzymes Work in the Wash?

When you wash your laundry with an enzyme-powered laundry detergent, here’s what happens: 

1. The detergent dissolves in water. Its ingredients, including enzymes and surfactants, spread throughout the wash. 

2. The dissolved detergent solution makes contact with the stained areas of the fabric. 

3. Enzymes in the detergent solution break down the stain molecules they come in contact with. 

4. Surfactants in the laundry detergent solution lift the fragmented stain molecules away and keep them suspended in the wash water. 

5. During the rinse cycle, the wash water is drained, carrying the loosened stain particles away with it and leaving nothing but clean clothes.